Nestled in the southern Sierra Nevada range at elevations ranging from 1,300 to about 14,500 feet, Sequoia National Park is abode to some of the most breathtaking trees on Earth.

Terrestrial, aquatic, and subterranean ecosystems are all supported by the varied topography of this California park, which includes marble tunnels, lofty mountain summits, and other different landscapes.

Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks work together to preserve a combined 865,964 acres, 808,078 of which are wilderness areas. Sequoia is one of the oldest national parks in the US.

As far as national parks in the United States go, Sequoia is the second-oldest.President Benjamin Harrison officially established the park on September 25, 1890, which was more than 18 years after Yellowstone was designated as the first national park in the nation.

The first national park established with the express goal of preserving a living creature was Sequoia National Park, which was established to shield the massive sequoia trees from logging. The addition of Kings Canyon National Park in 1940 widened the park’s scope, and the two parks have been managed in tandem since WWII.

An Important Aspect of Park Conservation Is Managed BurningPruning of Sequoia National Park for fire purposesCredit: Raymond Gehman / Getty ImagesIn order to better understand how fires affect the ecosystems of Sequoia National Park, researchers have been tracking fires since 1982 as part of the park’s Fire Monitoring Program.

To aid park managers in assessing environmental conditions, tracking fuel diversity, and identifying areas most in need of managed burns, fire ecologists gather data before, during, and after controlled burns or naturally occurring wildfires.

There Are Three Different Climate Zones in the ParkThe alpine mountains of Sequoia National Park reach an elevation of 14,494 feet, while the foothills reach an elevation of 1,370 feet.5

With an average of 45 inches of rain per year, most of it falling between October and May, coniferous trees, and massive sequoia groves characterize the mid-elevation Montane Forests, which are located between 4,000 and 9,000 feet in elevation.5

Rarely do you see whitebark pine and foxtail pine, two species native to the high alpine highlands, above 11,000 feet in height.

The World’s Biggest Tree (By Volume) Is Safe at Sequoia National ParkGetty Images/Ziga PlahutarWith a height of 275 feet and a base diameter of more than 36 feet, the cherished General Sherman Tree is now the tallest tree in the world according to volume.2

In the Giant Forest, tourists can reach General Sherman via one of two paths. To prevent harm to the tree’s delicate roots, a wooden fence surrounds the tree.

Just beyond the Giant Forest, in Sequoia National Park, you’ll find the General Grant Tree, the second-largest tree in the world.

In Sequoia, you’ll find the loftiest mountain in the contiguous United States.The Sequoia National Park, home to Mount WhitneyGetty Images/Paul A. SoudersThe lowest peak in the contiguous United States is Mount Whitney, which stands at 14,494 feet and borders Sequoia National Park and Inyo National Forest to the far east.6

The Interagency Visitor Center, located on the eastern side of the mountain range, offers visitors the greatest view of Mount Whitney.

With a height rise of more than 6,000 feet from the trailhead at Whitney Portal, Mount Whitney is also the most commonly climbed mountain summit in the Sierra Nevada.

Sequoia National Park is home to more than 315 species of animals.In Sequoia National Park, a brown bear and its cub are seen.West End60 / Photo by Getty ImagesEleven fish species, two hundred bird species, seventy-two mammalian species, and twenty-one reptile species are among the more than 300 animal species found in Sequoia over its several elevation zones.9

The foothills, Montane Forests, and meadows are better places to see mammals like bears, mule deer, mountain lions, and bobcats.

Two Programs Are Focused on Restoring Endangered Species in the ParkThere are conservation initiatives in Sequoia National Park aimed at restocking the populations of two endangered species: the mountain yellow-legged frog and the Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep.

There are currently eleven herds of Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep that are doing very well in Sequoia National Park, after the California Department of Fish and Wildlife relocated fourteen bighorn sheep from Inyo National Forest to the park in 2014.10

Once abundant over the Sierra Nevada, mountain yellow-legged frogs are now extinct across 92% of their original habitat. An ecological imbalance developed when frogs and trout were forcibly removed from their native environments and placed in high-elevation lakes in the early days of the park in an effort to attract visitors. The tadpole population increased by 10,000% thanks to the national park program.

Cave Resources Abound in the ParkUnderneath Sequoia National Park, there are at least 200 recognized caverns.13

The cave systems of the park are home to twenty different species of invertebrates, including bat roosts such as the endangered Corynorhinus townsendii intermedius, also known as Townsend’s big-eared bat.13

At now, the sole cavern that may be visited by the general public is the three-mile-long Crystal Cave; all other formations are reserved for scientific study and necessitate certain authorizations. Crystal Cave’s lustrous marble, stalactites, and stalagmites are the result of centuries of erosion by underground rivers.